In a blog post published on April 6, 2021, Google announced support for Rust within the Android Open Source Project as an alternative to C/C++. On February 8, 2021, the formation of the Rust Foundation was announced by its five founding companies ( AWS, Huawei, Google, Microsoft, and Mozilla). The first goal of the foundation would be to take ownership of all trademarks and domain names, and take financial responsibility for their costs. In the following week, the Rust Core Team acknowledged the severe impact of the layoffs and announced that plans for a Rust foundation were underway. The event raised concerns about the future of Rust, as some members of the team were active contributors to Rust. The team behind Servo, a browser engine written in Rust, was disbanded. In August 2020, Mozilla laid off 250 of its 1,000 employees worldwide, as part of a corporate restructuring caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mozilla layoffs and Rust Foundation (2020–present)
The first stable release, Rust 1.0, was announced on May 15, 2015. According to Binstock, while Rust was "widely viewed as a remarkably elegant language", adoption slowed because it radically changed from version to version. Dobb's Journal, Andrew Binstock, commented on Rust's chances of becoming a competitor to C++, along with D, Go, and Nim (then Nimrod). In January 2014, the editor-in-chief of Dr. Prior to version 0.4, Rust also supported typestate analysis, through contracts but that was removed in release 0.4, though the same functionality can be achieved by leveraging Rust's type system. Interfaces were combined with traits and removed as a separate feature and classes were replaced by a combination of implementations and structured types. In October 2012, version 0.4 was released, which added traits as a means of inheritance. Four months later, version 0.3 added destructors and polymorphism, through the use of interfaces. In version 0.2, which was released in March 2012, classes were introduced for the first time. Rust's type system underwent significant changes between versions 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. Hoare would later state that Rust was named after the rust fungus, with reference to the fungus's hardiness. The new Rust compiler successfully compiled itself in 2011. During the same year, work shifted from the initial compiler written in OCaml to a self-hosting compiler based on LLVM written in Rust.
Mozilla began sponsoring the project in 2009 as a part of the ongoing development of an experimental browser engine called Servo, which was officially announced by Mozilla in 2010. Rust grew out of a personal project begun in 2006 by Mozilla Research employee Graydon Hoare. Mozilla Foundation headquarters in Mountain View, California Rust has been noted for its growth as a newer language and has been the subject of academic programming languages research. In December 2022, it became the first language other than C and assembly to be supported in the development of the Linux kernel. Since the first stable release in May 2015, Rust has been adopted by companies including Amazon, Discord, Dropbox, Facebook ( Meta), Google ( Alphabet), and Microsoft. Mozilla officially sponsored the project in 2009.
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Software developer Graydon Hoare created Rust as a personal project while working at Mozilla Research in 2006. It is popularized for systems programming. Rust borrows ideas from functional programming, including static types, immutability, higher-order functions, and algebraic data types. To simultaneously enforce memory safety and prevent concurrent data races, its "borrow checker" tracks the object lifetime of all references in a program during compilation. It enforces memory safety-ensuring that all references point to valid memory-without requiring the use of a garbage collector or reference counting present in other memory-safe languages. Rust is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language that emphasizes performance, type safety, and concurrency.
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